We investigated the physical demands of netball match-play and different training activities. 13 Eight collegiate netball players participated in the study. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived 14 exertion (RPE), and accelerometer player load (PL) data were collected in four matches and 15 fifteen training sessions. Training sessions were classified as skills, game-based, traditional 16 conditioning, or repeated high intensity effort training. Accelerometer data was collected in 17 three planes, and was normalized to match-play/training time (PL/min, forward/min, 18 sideward/min and vertical/min). Centres had a higher PL/min than all other positions (Effect 19 size; ES = 0.67-0.91), including higher accelerations in the forward (ES = 0.82-0.92), sideward 20 (ES = 0.61-0.93) and vertical (ES = 0.74-0.93) planes. No significant differences (p > 0.05) 21 were found between positions for RPE and peak HR. Skills training had a similar PL to match-22 play. However, the mean HR of skills training was significantly lower than match-play and all 23 other modes of training (ES = 0.77-0.88). Peak HR for skills training (186 ± 10 beats.min-1) 24 and traditional conditioning (196 ± 8 beats.min-1) were similar to match-play (193 ± 9 25 beats.min-1). There were no meaningful differences in RPE between match-play and all modes 26 of training. The centre position produces greater physical demands during match-play. The 27 movement demands of netball match-play are best replicated by skills training, while 28 traditional conditioning best replicates the HR demands of match-play. Other training modes 29 may require modification in order to meet the physical demands of match-play. 30 31

We investigated the physical demands of netball match-play and different training activities. 13 Eight collegiate netball players participated in the study. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived 14 exertion (RPE), and accelerometer player load (PL) data were collected in four matches and 15 fifteen training sessions. Training sessions were classified as skills, game-based, traditional 16 conditioning, or repeated high intensity effort training. Accelerometer data was collected in 17 three planes, and was normalized to match-play/training time (PL/min, forward/min, 18 sideward/min and vertical/min). Centres had a higher PL/min than all other positions (Effect 19 size; ES = 0.67-0.91), including higher accelerations in the forward (ES = 0.82-0.92), sideward 20 (ES = 0.61-0.93) and vertical (ES = 0.74-0.93) planes. No significant differences (p > 0.05) 21 were found between positions for RPE and peak HR. Skills training had a similar PL to match-22 play. However, the mean HR of skills training was significantly lower than match-play and all 23 other modes of training (ES = 0.77-0.88). Peak HR for skills training (186 ± 10 beats.min-1) 24 and traditional conditioning (196 ± 8 beats.min-1) were similar to match-play (193 ± 9 25 beats.min-1). There were no meaningful differences in RPE between match-play and all modes 26 of training. The centre position produces greater physical demands during match-play. The 27 movement demands of netball match-play are best replicated by skills training, while 28 traditional conditioning best replicates the HR demands of match-play. Other training modes 29 may require modification in order to meet the physical demands of match-play. 30 31

The aim of this study was to evaluate the carriage of a portable gas analyser during prolonged treadmill exercise at a variety of speeds. Ten male participants completed six trials at different speeds (4, 8 and 12 km h21) for 40 min whilst wearing the analyser (P) or where the analyser was externally supported (L). Throughout each trial, respiratory gases, heart rate (HR), perceptions of effort and energy expenditure (EE) were measured. Significantly higher EE occurred during P12 ( p ¼ 0.01) than during L12 (855.3 ^ 104.3; CI ¼ 780.7–930.0 and 801.5 ^ 82.2 kcal; CI ¼ 742.7–860.3 kcal, respectively), but not at the other speeds; despite this, perceptions of effort and HR responses were unaffected. This additional EE is likely caused by alterations to posture which increase oxygen demand. The use of such systems is unlikely to affect low-intensity tasks, but researchers should use caution when interpreting data, particularly when exercise duration exceeds 30 min and laboratory-based analysers should be used where possible.